Pierre Nora (born November 17, 1931 in Paris) is a French historian of Jewish descent. Elected to the French Academy on June 7, 2001, he is known for his work on French identity and memory. His name is associated with the study of new history. He is the brother of Simon Nora, French financier.
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Pierre Nora occupies a particular position that he himself qualifies as on "the side" of the French historical sphere.
In the 1950s he took hypokhâgne and khâgne at the Lycée Louis-le-Grand but — contrary to a persistent legend — he was not accepted at the École Normale Supérieure. Thereafter he obtained a bachelier ès lettres (equivalent to the Bachelor of Arts) degree in philosophy. Accepted to the Agrégation d'histoire (a French recruitment contest for teachers at secondary schools) in 1958, he was a teacher at the Lycée Lamoricière d'Oran in Algeria until 1960. He wrote an essay about it, published under the title Les Français d'Algérie (The French of Algeria) (1961).
From 1961 to 1963 he was a resident at the Thiers Foundation. From 1965 to 1977 he was first assistant and then lecturer at the Institut d'Études Politiques de Paris (Paris Institute of Political Science). Since 1977 he has been the director of studies at the École des hautes études en sciences sociales (School of higher studies in social sciences).
Concurrently, Nora had managed an important career in publishing. His joined Éditions Julliard in 1964, where he created the Archives paperback collection. In 1965 he joined Éditions Gallimard: the publishing house, which already had a good marketshare in literature, wanted to develop its social sciences sector. It was Pierre Nora who achieved this mission by creating two important collections, the Library of social sciences in 1966 and the Library of histories in 1970, as well as the Témoins collection in 1967.
At Éditions Gallimard Nora published in these collections that he was directing, important works which generally constitute indispensable references in their fields of research, in particular:
This important role gave to Nora a certain power in French publishing and he was also the object of criticism. To begin, he refused in 1997 to translate Eric Hobsbawm's work, The Age of Extremes (1994), because of that author's "attachment to the revolutionary cause". Nora explained that context of hostility towards Communism in France was not appropriate to that type of publication, that all the editors, "like it or not, had an obligation to take account of the intellectual and ideological situation in which they had written their works".[1]
In May 1980, Nora founded at Gallimard the review Le Débat with philosopher Marcel Gauchet; this quickly became one of the major French intellectual reviews. He had participated at the Saint-Simon Foundation, created in 1982 by François Furet and Pierre Rosanvallon and dissolved in 1999.
He opposed himself to the law of 23 February 2005 "supporting national recognition and national taxation in favour of French repatiations" and cosigned a petition in the daily Libération entitled "Liberté pour l'histoire".[2] This law, at line 2 of article 4 has been abrogated on 15 February 2006, establishing that research programmes must be accorded more importance in lieu of French overseas presence and that the programmes of study came to recognize the positive role.
Nora is equally well known for having directed Les Lieux de Mémoire, three volumes which gave as their point the work of enumerating the places and the objects in which are the incarnate national memory of the French.
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| Preceded by Michel Droit |
Seat 27 Académie française 2001- |
Succeeded by Incumbent |
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